Textile Mirror

Definition Jute batching is of a simple nature, usually containing only the mineral oil, water and emulsifying agent. An emulsion is an intimate mixture of two immiscible liquids, one dispersed in droplets from inside the other. It has two phases – an external phase and an internal phase. The external phase is the water and internal phase is the mineral oil. Batching oil is normally golden, amber in color and water is colorless, but when the two are mixed as an emulsion, the resultant liquid is milky white.

Definition and Classification of Yarn Yarn: A yarn is an assembly of fibres that are laid or twisted together to form continuous strand. Yarns may be made from either staple fibres or filament fibres. Staple fibres are twisted into yarns, filament fibres need little or no twist to hold them together in yarn. Classification of yarns on the basis of processing:    I.            Carded or Karded yarn.   II.            Combed yarn. III.            Semi-combed yarn.  

Definition, Objects and Necessity of drawframe Draw-frame and Drawing: Carded Slivers are fed into the Draw-Frame and are stretched/ Straightened and made in to a single sliver. Also fibre blending can be done at this stage. At drawing stage, material passes not only one m/c but usually 2, arranged 1 after the other & combined to form a group. Processing in 2 passages is necessary completely to fulfill the requirements. The 2nd passage is often superfluous after combing m/c because then it does not normally generate any improvement in quality.

Definition,Objects and Main operations of Ring spinning Ring spinning: The ring spinning is the most widely used form of spinning machines due to significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning process.   Ring spinning is a method of spinning fibres , such as cotton , flax or wool, to make a yarn. In ring spinning, the roving is the first attenuated by using drawing rollers, then spun and wound around a rotating spindle which in its turn is contained within an independently rotating ring flyer. Traditionally ring frames could only be used for the coarse counts, but they could be attended by semi-skilled labour.

Simplex | Objects and operations of simplex Simplex: In yarn manufacturing system, simplex frame is situated after the comber. The sliver which is produced from the comber that is thicker and it is not suitable to feed into the ring frame directly to produce yarn. For this reason, drawn sliver is treated before entering into the ring frame. The commonly used simplex machine for cotton is flyer frame or speed frame. There are three basic steps in the operation of the roving frame – drafting, twisting and winding. These three basic steps are exactly the same as the basic steps required in spinning.

What is combing? Objects and necessity of combing Definition of Combing The combing process is carried out in order to improve the quality of the sliver coming out of the card. The process eliminates short fibres, it achieves better parallelization of fibres, it straightens curls, and it removes neps and residue impurities. The combing process is essentially aimed at obtaining excellent quality yarns. Depending on what is being produced, waste from combing varies from 12% to 25%, and this can be employed to obtain yarns with a medium-coarse count using the open-end process. So we can say that, the process of straightening parallelizing and the removal of short fibres and impurities by using a comb assisted by brushes and rollers is called combing.

Definition of Carding Carding is the second stage of cotton spinning. It is defined as the reduction of entangled mass of fibres to filmy web by working them between two closely spaced relatively moving surfaces closed with sharp points i.e. wires. The process of using a card (a thistle or teasel) for combing textile fibres . This consists of combing or brushing fibres until they are straightened and placed parallel. For this, the imperfect fibres and other impurities have to be removed. James Hargreaves and Louis Paul were two of the persons concerned with this invention and improvements to carding. Since then, innumerable attempts have been made to improve these machines, but in spite of this and also the latest improvements made, carding remains essentially the same as established nearly 200 years ago.

Blow room: The section where the supplied compressed cotton bale turns into a uniform lap of particular length by opening, cleaning, blending or, mixing is called blow room section. It is the first step of spinning. The section consist a number of different machines used in succession to open and clean the fibres . Objects of blow room: ● Opening- Opening of compressed cotton bales and cotton bales are made into small tufts. ● Cleaning- To eliminate dust, dirt, broken leaf, seed particles, grass and other foreign impurities from the fibre.